For -ER verbs:
The imperative conjugations for nous and vous are the same as the present indicative, minus the final s for the tu form.
Verbs which are conjugated like -ER verbs (the indicative tu ends in -es), such as ouvrir and souffrir, follow the same rules as -ER verbs and drop the final s for tu.
The imperative conjugations for all regular and most irregular -IR and -RE verbs are the same as the present indicative conjugations (meaning keep the s for tu).
Four irregular imperative verbs:
avoir
(tu) aie
(nous) ayons
(vous) ayez
être
(tu) sois
(nous) soyons
(vous) soyez
savoir
(tu) sache
(nous) sachons
(vous) sachez
vouloir
(tu) veuille
(nous) n/a
(vous) veuillez
http://french.about.com/od/grammar/a/imperative_2.htm
Showing posts with label tense. Show all posts
Showing posts with label tense. Show all posts
Monday, April 11, 2016
Sunday, April 10, 2016
Future Tense
For future tense, all we need to do is use the infinitive form as root for -ER or -IR verbs and for -RE verbs, remove the final -e and add the future tense endings:
je -ai
tu -as
il -a
nous -ons
vous -ez
ils -ont
je -ai
tu -as
il -a
nous -ons
vous -ez
ils -ont
| Infinitive | Future Root | Meaning | Similar Behaving Words |
| acheter | achèter- | to buy | achever, amener, emmener, lever, promener |
| acquérir | acquerr- | to acquire | conquérir, s'enquérir |
| appeler | appeller- | to call | épeler, rappeler, renouveler |
| aller | ir- | to go | |
| avoir | aur- | to have | |
| courir | courr- | to run | concourir, discourir, parcourir, more |
| devoir | devr- | must | |
| envoyer | enverr- | to send | |
| essayer | essaier- | to try | balayer, effrayer, payer |
| essuyer | essuier- | to wipe | appuyer, ennuyer |
| être | ser- | to be | |
| faire | fer- | to do, to make | |
| falloir | faudr- | have to | |
| jeter | jetter- | to throw | feuilleter, hoqueter, projeter, rejeter |
| nettoyer | nettoier- | to clean | employer, noyer, tutoyer, more |
| pleuvoir | pleuvr- | to rain | |
| pouvoir | pourr- | can | |
| savoir | saur- | to know | |
| tenir | tiendr- | to hold | maintenir, obtenir, soutenir |
| valoir | vaudr- | to be worth | |
| venir | viendr- | to come | devenir, parvenir, revenir |
| voir | verr- | to see | revoir |
| vouloir | voudr- | to want |
Saturday, April 2, 2016
subjunctive
- 15
- 14
- 14
- 7
- 6
- 5
- 7
The six basic endings of the present subjunctive are -e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent. These are added to a stem which is derived as follows; take the 3rd person plural present indicative, remove the "ent" from the end, then add endings as above.So for boire, you take boivent, so the stem is boiv-, so the subjunctive is je boive.
BUT, quoting from my grammar book, "If the stem of the Present Indicative changes during the tense, the stem of the Present Subjunctive usuallyfollows suit. So for boire, the Present Indicative is bois, bois, boit, buvons, buvez, boivent, and the Present Subjunctive is boive, boives, boive,buvions, buviez, boivent.
Avoir and être are different, as you might expect. And then there's the Imperfect Subjunctive ...
Sitesurf wrote:
... "aimer que" which indeed drives the subjunctive mood in the subordinate clause, as well as the other appreciation verbs: apprécier, adorer, détester, haïr, préférer.
https://www.duolingo.com/comment/16040381$comment_id=16070931
Wednesday, March 23, 2016
passé composé (PC)/present perfect.
https://www.duolingo.com/skill/fr/Verbs%3A-Compound-Past
http://www.frenchtoday.com/blog/etre-versus-avoir-french-auxiliary-verbs-past-tenses
Compound verbs contain a conjugated auxiliary and a participle. Most use the avoir conjugated auxiliary verb, but a handful use être. These verbs involve movement or transformation. Here are some: Arriver (arrive), partir (leave), Descendre (descend), monter (ascend), Venir (come), aller (go), devenir (become), revenir (return), Entrer (enter), sortir (leave), rentrer (re-enter), Naître (be born), mourir (die), Tomber (fall), souvenir (remember), raser (shave).
Note that participles vary with gender and number just like adjectives.
A participle that follows avoir is usually invariable. However, if a direct object appears before avoir, its participle agrees with the direct object. A participle that follows être agrees with the subject.
If a pronominal verb is intransitive, then the participle is invariable. Transitive verbs are able to take a direct object like "I saw a donkey." Intransitive verbs are not taking a direct object, e.g., look in look at the sky.
The PC can translate to the preterit (simple past) when it narrates events or states that began and ended in the past.
The PC can also translate to the present perfect for actions and states that started in the past and are still true.
Most past participles are formed by adding an ending to a verb's root, -é to -er verbs, -i to -ir verbs, and -u to -re verbs.
Most irregular verbs have irregular participles.
boire = bu
être = été
lire = lu
venir = (être) venu.
naître = nédevenir = devenu
mourir = mort
mettre = mis
Compound verbs contain a conjugated auxiliary and a participle. Most use the avoir conjugated auxiliary verb, but a handful use être. These verbs involve movement or transformation. Here are some: Arriver (arrive), partir (leave), Descendre (descend), monter (ascend), Venir (come), aller (go), devenir (become), revenir (return), Entrer (enter), sortir (leave), rentrer (re-enter), Naître (be born), mourir (die), Tomber (fall), souvenir (remember), raser (shave).
Note that participles vary with gender and number just like adjectives.
A participle that follows avoir is usually invariable. However, if a direct object appears before avoir, its participle agrees with the direct object. A participle that follows être agrees with the subject.
If a pronominal verb is intransitive, then the participle is invariable. Transitive verbs are able to take a direct object like "I saw a donkey." Intransitive verbs are not taking a direct object, e.g., look in look at the sky.
The PC can translate to the preterit (simple past) when it narrates events or states that began and ended in the past.
The PC can also translate to the present perfect for actions and states that started in the past and are still true.
Most past participles are formed by adding an ending to a verb's root, -é to -er verbs, -i to -ir verbs, and -u to -re verbs.
Most irregular verbs have irregular participles.
boire = bu
être = été
lire = lu
venir = (être) venu.
naître = nédevenir = devenu
mourir = mort
mettre = mis
conduire = conduit
disparaître = disparu
permettre = permis
prendre = pris
recevoir = reçu
voir = vu
dire = dit
faire - fait
ouvrir = ouvert
réduire = réduit
savoir = su
avoir = eu
disparaître = disparu
permettre = permis
prendre = pris
recevoir = reçu
voir = vu
dire = dit
faire - fait
ouvrir = ouvert
réduire = réduit
savoir = su
avoir = eu
prévoir = prévu
pouvoir = pu
croire = cru
Friday, March 18, 2016
Conjugating Tenses of Regular Verbs
Blue=Match whole rows for 2; Orange=Match partially; Red = Match for all 3 - learn once, learn for all.
| Tense (stem) | je | tu | il/elle/on | nous | vous | ils/elles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (parl) | -e | -es | -e | -ons | -ez | -ent |
| Simple Past(parl) | -ai | -as | -a | -âmes | -âtes | -èrent |
| Imperfect (nous parl-) | -ais | -ais | -ait | -ions | -iez | -aient |
| Future (infinitive parler) | -ai | -as | -a | -ons | -ez | -ont |
| Conditional (infi. parler) | -ais | -ais | -ait | -ions | -iez | -aient |
| Subjunctive (ils parl-) | -e | -es | -e | -ions | -iez | -ent |
| Tense (stem) | je | tu | il/elle/on | nous | vous | ils/elles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (fini) | -s | -s | -t | -ssons | -ssez | -ssent |
| Simple Past(fin) | -is | -is | -it | -îmes | -îtes | -irent |
| Imperfect (finiss) | -ais | -ais | -ait | -ions | -iez | -aient |
| Future (finir) | -ai | -as | -a | -ons | -ez | -ont |
| Conditional (finir) | -ais | -ais | -ait | -ions | -iez | -aient |
| Subjunctive (finiss) | -e | -es | -e | -ions | -iez | -ent |
| Tense (stem) | je | tu | il/elle/on | nous | vous | ils/elles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (vend) | -s | -s | (nothing) | -ons | -ez | -ent |
| Simple Past(vend) | -is | -is | -it | -îmes | -îtes | -irent |
| Imperfect (vend) | -ais | -ais | -ait | -ions | -iez | -aient |
| Future (vendr) | -ai | -as | -a | -ons | -ez | -ont |
| Conditional (vendr) | -ais | -ais | -ait | -ions | -iez | -aient |
| Subjunctive (vend) | -e | -es | -e | -ions | -iez | -ent |
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)