http://www.frenchtoday.com/blog/etre-versus-avoir-french-auxiliary-verbs-past-tenses
Compound verbs contain a conjugated auxiliary and a participle. Most use the avoir conjugated auxiliary verb, but a handful use être. These verbs involve movement or transformation. Here are some: Arriver (arrive), partir (leave), Descendre (descend), monter (ascend), Venir (come), aller (go), devenir (become), revenir (return), Entrer (enter), sortir (leave), rentrer (re-enter), Naître (be born), mourir (die), Tomber (fall), souvenir (remember), raser (shave).
Note that participles vary with gender and number just like adjectives.
A participle that follows avoir is usually invariable. However, if a direct object appears before avoir, its participle agrees with the direct object. A participle that follows être agrees with the subject.
If a pronominal verb is intransitive, then the participle is invariable. Transitive verbs are able to take a direct object like "I saw a donkey." Intransitive verbs are not taking a direct object, e.g., look in look at the sky.
The PC can translate to the preterit (simple past) when it narrates events or states that began and ended in the past.
The PC can also translate to the present perfect for actions and states that started in the past and are still true.
Most past participles are formed by adding an ending to a verb's root, -é to -er verbs, -i to -ir verbs, and -u to -re verbs.
Most irregular verbs have irregular participles.
boire = bu
être = été
lire = lu
venir = (être) venu.
naître = nédevenir = devenu
mourir = mort
mettre = mis
Compound verbs contain a conjugated auxiliary and a participle. Most use the avoir conjugated auxiliary verb, but a handful use être. These verbs involve movement or transformation. Here are some: Arriver (arrive), partir (leave), Descendre (descend), monter (ascend), Venir (come), aller (go), devenir (become), revenir (return), Entrer (enter), sortir (leave), rentrer (re-enter), Naître (be born), mourir (die), Tomber (fall), souvenir (remember), raser (shave).
Note that participles vary with gender and number just like adjectives.
A participle that follows avoir is usually invariable. However, if a direct object appears before avoir, its participle agrees with the direct object. A participle that follows être agrees with the subject.
If a pronominal verb is intransitive, then the participle is invariable. Transitive verbs are able to take a direct object like "I saw a donkey." Intransitive verbs are not taking a direct object, e.g., look in look at the sky.
The PC can translate to the preterit (simple past) when it narrates events or states that began and ended in the past.
The PC can also translate to the present perfect for actions and states that started in the past and are still true.
Most past participles are formed by adding an ending to a verb's root, -é to -er verbs, -i to -ir verbs, and -u to -re verbs.
Most irregular verbs have irregular participles.
boire = bu
être = été
lire = lu
venir = (être) venu.
naître = nédevenir = devenu
mourir = mort
mettre = mis
conduire = conduit
disparaître = disparu
permettre = permis
prendre = pris
recevoir = reçu
voir = vu
dire = dit
faire - fait
ouvrir = ouvert
réduire = réduit
savoir = su
avoir = eu
disparaître = disparu
permettre = permis
prendre = pris
recevoir = reçu
voir = vu
dire = dit
faire - fait
ouvrir = ouvert
réduire = réduit
savoir = su
avoir = eu
prévoir = prévu
pouvoir = pu
croire = cru
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